In this article we cover the following:
- what are papillomas;
- what is the cause of their formation.
- where they are more common in men and women;
- typical papillomas.
Papillomas are benign neoplasms localized on the skin, mucous membranes. The cause of their formation is the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is transmitted in various ways. The appearance of the formations depends on the type of virus that caused them.
transmission path
Human papillomavirus is transmitted by:
- During intercourse, including anal, oral genitals.
- Household. The microorganism is able to exist on personal belongings, personal hygiene items, infected towels. It easily penetrates scratches, wear on the skin.
- During mother-to-child birth.
Possible auto-infection if the virus is transmitted from one area of the body to another, which usually happens by shaving, hair removal.
The incubation period (the period from the onset of HPV in the body to the appearance of signs of pathology) varies from several weeks to several years.
Papillomas on the body most often occur in case of illness, pregnancy, alcohol abuse, psycho-emotional stress, hypothermia, accompanied by a decrease in the immune system. The incidence of these formations in men and women is the same.
Human papillomavirus: types
Depending on the risk of oncological pathology of the skin, mucosal papillomaviruses belong to the following groups:- Low oncogenic risk (HPV 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 72, 73, 40–44, 51, 61 types).
- Medium oncogenic risk (HPV types 52, 56, 58, 30, 35, 45).
- High risk of developing malignant processes (HPV 50, 59, 16, 18, 64, 68, 70, 31, 33, 39 types).
Microorganisms with a low degree of cancer risk cause benign growths on the skin, mucous membranes.
Papillometypes
Simple
They are also called vulgar, common. Such growths are more often due to HPV types 26-29, 77, 63, 41.
The tingling, burning sensation appears on any part of the body. Later, the growth is noticed by a spherical formation whose surface gradually becomes rough. First, the tumor is flesh-colored and then darker. The size of the papilloma on the body is from 1 mm to cm
These neoplasms are simple, multiple. In the latter case, the daughter's small papillomas are located around the mothers, formed first, usually the largest of all.
Their location is the back of the hands, fingers, the space between them, the chin area, the edges of the lips. There are such papillomas on the neck. The child's knees are affected because children often crawl, become infected through small lesions on the skin.
Plantar
Humans with these formations are infected with HPV types 1, 2, 4. The growth is similar to dry skin, but has a number of characteristic differences.
Skin pattern is preserved on callus, absent on the surface of papillomas, the latter are smooth. The formation caused by papillomavirus is painful, unpleasant sensations intensify when wearing clamp shoes. Inside the papilloma, black dots are felt, which are absent in the skin.
Neoplasms sometimes self-destructive, which is more common in children. Sometimes small bubbles are visible around the neoplasm. The latter become new papillomas over time.
Flat papillomas
Growths of a rounded, elongated, oval shape rise above the skin level by 1-2 mm. Flat papillomas are located around the mouth, in the face and the upper half of the body. Sometimes papillomas form on the neck.
Papilloma data are available on the labia, cervix in girls, penis in men, in the rectum, near the anus. These formations are placed in groups and they merge. Flat flesh-colored papillomas, sometimes slightly darker than the rest of the skin, are formed under the influence of 10, 49, 28 varieties of papillomavirus.
Found
If people notice that small papillomas have appeared on the neck, the growths are most often thread-like. The second name of the formations isacrochordus. The latter is caused by 2, 7 types of HPV.
At the initial stage, papillomas in the neck resemble small yellowish seals, after which the growths stretch, become rough, take on an elongated, round, thread-like shape. A characteristic feature of a similar papilloma on the neck is a thin leg.
Most often, acrochordus is formed in men, women over 40 years. Growth also occurs on the skin of the upper eyelids, armpits, mammary glands, in the intimate area.
Pointed
The formation data are calledwarts,are caused by 6, 11, 44, 42, 54, 51, 55, 89 types of human papillomavirus in women and men.
Condylomas are small, single, multiple growths of flesh-colored, located on female, male genitals, around the anus. There are papillomas in the vagina, labia minora, cervix. In men, condyloma is located on the foreskin, the head of the penis, inside the urethra.
Separate elements sometimes melt with each other, a tumor-like formation appears that outwardly resembles a rooster comb, cauliflower. The neoplasms are characterized by very rapid growth, a broad lesion can form in a few hours.
Pathology has a recurrent course. It is more serious in concomitantly sexually transmitted infections of the urogenital tract (eg Chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis).
Condylomas that form on the cervix, especially inside the cervical canal, are most dangerous during pregnancy. Hormonal changes stimulate rapid growth followed by tissue degradation and secondary infections.
Papillomas in the mouth, larynx
Their appearance is associated with the activity of papillomaviruses 6, 7, 11, 72, 73, 57, 32 types. Formations are rounded formations on a thin or wide base. The mucous membrane around them is light pink with no visible pathological changes. The surface of the plants is light pink, whitish.
Neoplasms are simple, multiple, painless when pressed. They are located at the base of the oral cavity, on the back of the tongue, hard, soft palate, laryngeal mucosa, the size ranges from 2 mm to 2 cm.
The overgrowth of the lining of the mouth, if bitten, bleeds darker as a result of the outflow of blood into it. The state of health in the presence of such a disease does not deteriorate, the oral cavity opens freely.
When in adulthood there is a single growth found on the soft palate, tonsils, in the glottis, there is a feeling of the presence of a foreign body, a cough, the voice becomes hoarse. If the lesions become more numerous, these symptoms worsen.
In children, pathological growths are often bilateral, their occurrence is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Problems inhaling, exhaling, occurring after physical exertion and then at complete rest.
- Coughing after driving, playing too much.
- Suffocating attack withstenosisof the larynx (pathological narrowing that prevents air from entering the lower airway).
The appearance of externally different papillomas is associated with infection with different types of HPV. To remove neoplasms, consult a doctor. This should be done as soon as possible if the papillomas are multiple, rapidly increase in size, cause discomfort and are constantly damaged.